Analysis | Developments in the U.S.–Saudi Arabia Negotiations

In the past week, geopolitical and economic discussions have focused on the relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia, ahead of the expected visit of U.S. President Donald Trump to Riyadh.
The relationship between the two countries continues to evolve against the backdrop of complex regional and global challenges, with an emphasis on economic, security, and diplomatic cooperation.

President Trump's Visit to Saudi Arabia

Trump’s visit aims to strengthen bilateral ties and secure significant Saudi investments in the United States. In his meetings with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the two leaders will discuss critical issues, including dismantling Iran’s nuclear program, the war in Gaza, and stabilizing oil prices. Simultaneously, the Saudi-American Investment Forum will take place in Riyadh, drawing prominent business leaders and focusing on collaboration in technology, advanced manufacturing, and biotechnology. The Trump administration highlights economic deals as part of its "America First" strategy in the Middle East.

Economic Cooperation

Saudi Arabia has committed to investing up to one trillion dollars in the United States over the next four years — a move expected to provide Trump with a significant economic achievement. These investments will focus on diverse sectors beyond oil, aligning with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 for economic diversification. American companies are increasing their presence in the Saudi market, reflecting the significant economic potential of the partnership.

The Iranian Nuclear Issue

Saudi Arabia is seeking U.S. support for developing a civilian nuclear program, but its demand for independent uranium enrichment raises concerns in Washington about nuclear proliferation. Nonetheless, the United States may consider cooperation in this field, especially in light of efforts to reach a new nuclear deal with Iran. There is international support for U.S. involvement, amid fears that Saudi Arabia could turn to China or Russia if its requests are unmet.

Regional Security and Normalization

Negotiations are taking place against the backdrop of the war in Gaza and the complex relationship with Iran. Saudi Arabia has clarified that progress on the Palestinian issue is a precondition for normalization with Israel, which is unlikely in the short term. Meanwhile, the United States has recently granted Saudi Arabia security assurances and approved the sale of advanced missiles. However, the cessation of airstrikes against the Houthis in Yemen was not coordinated with Israel, adding to regional complexity.

Saudi Arabia as a Balancing Power

Saudi Arabia is leveraging its ties with China and Russia to strengthen its position in negotiations with the United States. This move underscores its role as a key strategic partner in the Middle East, with significant influence over regional stability and the global economy.

The negotiations between the United States and Saudi Arabia, focused on preparations for Trump’s visit, covered key topics such as economic cooperation, regional security, and nuclear issues. The outcomes of these discussions are expected to shape bilateral relations and the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East in the coming years.